I know what you mean about thinner alum being a PITA! Welding thin alum is kind of like welding butter.
I like the rear ball idea. I would not have a use for it on this trailer, except if i had to drag it backwards out of a hole.
I pulled the tires off my old trailer and tossed them on the scale and got 29# the argo tires are 37# and the try-power are 44#.
This trailer used 2" sq tube and the axle and the 2 ends were receiver stock so they would slide on the tube. When we hauled the bandsaw mill in. I would swap places with the axle and the rear mount. the front and rear mount had runners on them that fit the wheels from the band mill.
This is the trailer were using now. It's sealed all around and will hold water, not sure about floating.